...This hasbeen proved a fallacy respecting this herd at least, for calving hasbeen attended with no greater percentage of losses than would beexperienced in ranching with the ordinary cattle... 
William T. Hornaday 「The Extermination of the American Bison」
...Fat cows give poorer milk than such as are moderatelylean; and young animals do not come up to the maximum oftheir quality, till after their third or fourth calving...
Richard L. Allen 「Domestic Animals」
...The symptoms of approachingabortion are those preceding normal calving...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...Refrain from breeding fresh cows for a period of six weeks to two monthsfollowing calving...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...When this last symptom is seen, calving may be countedon in 24 hours or in 2 or 3 days...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...Hence the calf passes most easily with its backupward, and when turned with its back to one side calving is always tardy andmay be difficult or impossible...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...In laying down the foregoing rules for giving assistance in critical casesof calving it is not intimated that all cases and stages can be successfullydealt with...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...—The symptoms appear two or three days after calving, whenthe cow may be seen to shiver, or the hair stands erect, especially along thespine, and the horns, ears, and limbs are cold...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...It is after the easy calving, when there has been little expenditureof muscular or nervous energy and no loss of blood, that the malady is seen...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...A dose of Epsom salt (1 to 2 pounds)should be given 12 to 24 hours before calving is due, so that it may operate ator just before that act...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
...When a herd is small, the removal of the dam to a clean, unused stable a fewdays before calving and her retention there for a week usually succeeds...
U.S. Department of Agriculture 「Special Report on Diseases of Cattle」
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